a: \(x^3-4x^2-x+4=0\)

=>\(\left(x^3-4x^2\right)-\left(x-4\right)=0\)

=>\(x^2\left(x-4\right)-\left(x-4\right)=0\)

=>\(\left(x-4\right)\left(x^2-1\right)=0\)

=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-4=0\\x^2-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=4\\x^2=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x\in\left\{2;1;-1\right\}\)

b: Sửa đề: \(x^3+3x^2+3x+1=0\)

=>\(x^3+3\cdot x^2\cdot1+3\cdot x\cdot1^2+1^3=0\)

=>\(\left(x+1\right)^3=0\)

=>x+1=0

=>x=-1

c: \(x^3+3x^2-4x-12=0\)

=>\(\left(x^3+3x^2\right)-\left(4x+12\right)=0\)

=>\(x^2\cdot\left(x+3\right)-4\left(x+3\right)=0\)

=>\(\left(x+3\right)\left(x^2-4\right)=0\)

=>\(\left(x+3\right)\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)=0\)

=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+3=0\\x-2=0\\x+2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-3\\x=2\\x=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)

d: \(\left(x-2\right)^2-4x+8=0\)

=>\(\left(x-2\right)^2-\left(4x-8\right)=0\)

=>\(\left(x-2\right)^2-4\left(x-2\right)=0\)

=>\(\left(x-2\right)\left(x-2-4\right)=0\)

=>(x-2)(x-6)=0

=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-2=0\\x-6=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=6\end{matrix}\right.\)

a) \(2x^3+3x^2-8x-12=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x^3-8x\right)+\left(3x^2-12\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x\left(x^2-4\right)+3\left(x^2-4\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-4\right)\left(2x+3\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(2x+3\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(x-2=0\)

hoặc \(x+2=0\)

hoặc \(2x+3=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(x=2\)

hoặc \(x=-2\)

hoặc \(x=-\frac{3}{2}\)

Vậy tập nghiệm của phương trình là \(S=\left\{2;-2;-\frac{3}{2}\right\}\)

b) \(x^3-4x^2-x+4=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x-4\right)-\left(x-4\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-4\right)\left(x^2-1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-4\right)\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(x-4=0\)

hoặc \(x-1=0\)

hoặc \(x+1=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(x=4\)

hoặc \(x=1\)

hoặc \(x=-1\)

Vậy tập nghiệm của phương trình là \(S=\left\{4;1;-1\right\}\)

c) \(x^3-x^2-x-2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^3-2x^2+x^2-2x+x-2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x-2\right)+x\left(x-2\right)+\left(x-2\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x-2=0\\x^2+x+1=0\end{cases}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=2\left(tm\right)\\\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}=0\left(ktm\right)\end{cases}}\)

Vậy tập nghiệm của phương trình là \(S=\left\{2\right\}\)

d) \(x^4-3x^3+3x^2-x=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x^3-3x^2+3x-1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x-1\right)^3=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=0\\x-1=0\end{cases}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=0\\x=1\end{cases}}\)

Vậy tập nghiệm của phương trình là \(S=\left\{0;1\right\}\)

e) \(\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-2x+3\right)=x^3+1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-2x+3\right)=\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x+1=0\\x^2-2x+3=x^2-x+1\end{cases}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=-1\\x=2\end{cases}}\)

Vậy tập nghiệm của phương trình là \(S=\left\{-1;2\right\}\)

g) \(x^3+3x^2+3x+1=4x+4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)^3=4\left(x+1\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x+1=0\\\left(x+1\right)^2=4\end{cases}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=-1\\x+1=\pm2\end{cases}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=-1\\x=-3\end{cases}}\)  hoặc   \(x=1\)

Vậy tập nghiệm của phương trình là \(S=\left\{-1;1;-3\right\}\)

b) \(x^3-4x^2-x+4=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x-4\right)-\left(x-4\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-4\right)\left(x^2-1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x-4=0\\x^2-1=0\end{cases}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=4\\x=\pm1\end{cases}}\)

c) \(x^3-x^2-x-2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^3-2x^2+x^2-2x+x-2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=2\) ( Do \(x^2+x+1>0\) )

a) \(2x^3+3x^2-8x-12=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(2x+3\right)-4\left(2x+3\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+3\right)\left(x^2-4\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}2x+3=0\\x^2-4=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=-\frac{3}{2}\\x=\pm2\end{cases}}\)

a) \(\Rightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x+1\right)=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) \(\Rightarrow\left(x-3\right)\left(5x-1\right)=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\x=\dfrac{1}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)

c) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{5}{3}\\x=\dfrac{4}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)

d) \(\Rightarrow\left(x-7\right)\left(3x-2\right)=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=7\\x=\dfrac{2}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(a,\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x+1\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=-1\end{matrix}\right.\\ b,\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)\left(5x-1\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\x=\dfrac{1}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\\ c,\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{5}{3}\\x=\dfrac{4}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\\ d,\Leftrightarrow\left(x-7\right)\left(3x-2\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=7\\x=\dfrac{2}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Bài 2: 

a: Ta có: \(x\left(2x-1\right)-2x+1=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-1\right)\left(x-1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{1}{2}\\x=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

a, ĐK: \(x\ge\dfrac{1}{5}\)

\(pt\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{5x^2+x+3}+5x-1-2\sqrt{5x-1}+1+x^2+2x+1=-2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{5x^2+x+3}+\left(\sqrt{5x-1}-1\right)^2+\left(x+1\right)^2=-2\)

\(\Rightarrow\) Phương trình vô nghiệm

a)

\(\left(x^2-1\right)\left(x^2+4x+3\right)=\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\left[\left(x+2\right)^2-1\right]=\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(x+3\right)\)

\(\left[\left(x-1\right)\left(x+3\right)\right]\left[\left(x+1\right)\left(x+1\right)\right]=\left(x^2+2x-3\right)\left(x^2+2x+1\right)\)

dặt x^2+2x-1=t(*)

(a) \(\Leftrightarrow\left(t-2\right)\left(t+2\right)=192\) \(\Leftrightarrow t^2-4=192\Rightarrow t^2=196\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}t=-14\\t=14\end{matrix}\right.\)

Thay t vào (*) => x (tự làm)

a) (x-1)(x+1)(x+1)(x+3)=192. \(\Leftrightarrow\) (x+1)²(x-1)(x+3)=192 \(\Leftrightarrow\) (x²+2x+1) (x²+2x-3)=192 Đặt x²+2x+1=t thì x²+2x-3=t-4 ta có t(t-4)=192 \(\Leftrightarrow\) t²-4t-192=0 \(\Leftrightarrow\) t=-12 hoặc t=16 Với t=-12 thì (x+1)²=-12 ( vô lí ) Với t=16 thì (x+1)²=16 \(\Leftrightarrow\) x=-5 hoặc x=3 b) x\(^5\)+x⁴-2x⁴-2x³+5x³+5x²-2x²-2x+x+1=0 \(\Leftrightarrow\) x⁴(x+1)-2x³(x+1)+5x²(x+1)-2x(x+1)+(x+1)=0 \(\Leftrightarrow\) (x+1)(x⁴-2x³+5x²-2x+1)=0 \(\Leftrightarrow\) x=-1 ( CM x⁴-2x³+5x²-2x+1 vô nghiệm ) c) x⁴-x³-2x³+2x²+2x²-2x-x+1=0 \(\Leftrightarrow\) x³(x-1)-2x²(x-1)+2x(x-1)-(x-1)=0 \(\Leftrightarrow\) (x-1)(x³-2x²+2x-1)=0 \(\Leftrightarrow\) (x-1)(x-1)(x²-x+1)=0 \(\Leftrightarrow\) x-1=0 ( vì x²-x+1=(x-\(\frac{1}{2}\))²+\(\frac{3}{4}\)>0 với mọi x) \(\Leftrightarrow\) x=1

Ở phần b chứng minh vô nghiệm là ( x\(^4\)-2x³+x²)+(3x²-3x+\(\frac{3}{4}\))+\(\frac{5}{4}\)=0 \(\Leftrightarrow\) (x²-x)²+3(x+\(\frac{1}{2}\))²+\(\frac{5}{4}\)=0 ( vô lí)

a: =>x^2+4x-4x+1=0

=>x^2+1=0

=>Loại

b: =>2x-6+4=2x+2

=>-2=2(loại)

c: =>2(x+3)-2x-1=1

=>6-1=1

=>5=1(loại)

d =>x+3=0

=>x=-3(loại)

e: =>x^2-3x^2+3x-3x-2=0

=>-2x^2-2=0

=>x^2+1=0

=>Loại

c) \(x^2-9=2\cdot\left(x+3\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)-2\left(x+3\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+3\right)\left[x-3-2\left(x+3\right)\right]=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+3\right)\left(x-3-2x-6\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+3\right)\left(-x-9\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-3\\x=-9\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) \(x^3-3x^2+3x-1=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^3-3\cdot x^2\cdot1+3\cdot x\cdot1^2-1^3=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^3=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x-1=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=1\)

d) \(x^2-8x+3x-24=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-8x\right)+\left(3x-24\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x-8\right)+3\left(x-8\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+3\right)\left(x-8\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+3=0\\x-8=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-3\\x=8\end{matrix}\right.\)

a) \(x^2-9=2\left(x+3\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+3\right)\left(x-3\right)=2\left(x+3\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x+3\right)^2-\left(x+3\right)\left(x-3\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+3\right)\left[2\left(x+3\right)-\left(x-3\right)\right]=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+3\right)\left[2x+6-x+3\right]=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+3\right)\left(x+9\right)=0\)

\(\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+3=0\\x+9=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-3\\x=-9\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) \(x^2-8x+3x-24=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-8\right)x+3\left(x-8\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-8\right)\left(x+3\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-8=0\\x+3=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=8\\x=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)

c) \(x^3-3x^2+3x-1=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^3=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x-1=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=1\)